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university-final-iot-backend/env/lib/python3.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/strategy_options.py

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Add basic SQLAlchemy setup
2018-04-26 12:51:37 +00:00
# Copyright (C) 2005-2018 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""
"""
from .interfaces import MapperOption, PropComparator, MapperProperty
from .attributes import QueryableAttribute
from .. import util
from ..sql.base import _generative, Generative
from .. import exc as sa_exc, inspect
from .base import _is_aliased_class, _class_to_mapper, _is_mapped_class
from . import util as orm_util
from .path_registry import PathRegistry, TokenRegistry, \
_WILDCARD_TOKEN, _DEFAULT_TOKEN
class Load(Generative, MapperOption):
"""Represents loader options which modify the state of a
:class:`.Query` in order to affect how various mapped attributes are
loaded.
The :class:`.Load` object is in most cases used implicitly behind the
scenes when one makes use of a query option like :func:`.joinedload`,
:func:`.defer`, or similar. However, the :class:`.Load` object
can also be used directly, and in some cases can be useful.
To use :class:`.Load` directly, instantiate it with the target mapped
class as the argument. This style of usage is
useful when dealing with a :class:`.Query` that has multiple entities::
myopt = Load(MyClass).joinedload("widgets")
The above ``myopt`` can now be used with :meth:`.Query.options`, where it
will only take effect for the ``MyClass`` entity::
session.query(MyClass, MyOtherClass).options(myopt)
One case where :class:`.Load` is useful as public API is when specifying
"wildcard" options that only take effect for a certain class::
session.query(Order).options(Load(Order).lazyload('*'))
Above, all relationships on ``Order`` will be lazy-loaded, but other
attributes on those descendant objects will load using their normal
loader strategy.
.. seealso::
:ref:`loading_toplevel`
"""
def __init__(self, entity):
insp = inspect(entity)
self.path = insp._path_registry
# note that this .context is shared among all descendant
# Load objects
self.context = util.OrderedDict()
self.local_opts = {}
self._of_type = None
self.is_class_strategy = False
@classmethod
def for_existing_path(cls, path):
load = cls.__new__(cls)
load.path = path
load.context = {}
load.local_opts = {}
load._of_type = None
return load
def _generate_cache_key(self, path):
if path.path[0].is_aliased_class:
return False
serialized = []
for (key, loader_path), obj in self.context.items():
if key != "loader":
continue
endpoint = obj._of_type or obj.path.path[-1]
chopped = self._chop_path(loader_path, path)
if (
# means loader_path and path are unrelated,
# this does not need to be part of a cache key
chopped is None
) or (
# means no additional path with loader_path + path
# and the endpoint isn't using of_type so isn't modified into
# an alias or other unsafe entity
not chopped and not obj._of_type
):
continue
serialized_path = []
for token in chopped:
if isinstance(token, util.string_types):
serialized_path.append(token)
elif token.is_aliased_class:
return False
elif token.is_property:
serialized_path.append(token.key)
else:
assert token.is_mapper
serialized_path.append(token.class_)
if not serialized_path or endpoint != serialized_path[-1]:
if endpoint.is_mapper:
serialized_path.append(endpoint.class_)
elif endpoint.is_aliased_class:
return False
serialized.append(
(
tuple(serialized_path) +
(obj.strategy or ()) +
(tuple([
(key, obj.local_opts[key])
for key in sorted(obj.local_opts)
]) if obj.local_opts else ())
)
)
if not serialized:
return None
else:
return tuple(serialized)
def _generate(self):
cloned = super(Load, self)._generate()
cloned.local_opts = {}
return cloned
is_opts_only = False
is_class_strategy = False
strategy = None
propagate_to_loaders = False
def process_query(self, query):
self._process(query, True)
def process_query_conditionally(self, query):
self._process(query, False)
def _process(self, query, raiseerr):
current_path = query._current_path
if current_path:
for (token, start_path), loader in self.context.items():
chopped_start_path = self._chop_path(start_path, current_path)
if chopped_start_path is not None:
query._attributes[(token, chopped_start_path)] = loader
else:
query._attributes.update(self.context)
def _generate_path(self, path, attr, wildcard_key, raiseerr=True):
self._of_type = None
if raiseerr and not path.has_entity:
if isinstance(path, TokenRegistry):
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"Wildcard token cannot be followed by another entity")
else:
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"Attribute '%s' of entity '%s' does not "
"refer to a mapped entity" %
(path.prop.key, path.parent.entity)
)
if isinstance(attr, util.string_types):
default_token = attr.endswith(_DEFAULT_TOKEN)
if attr.endswith(_WILDCARD_TOKEN) or default_token:
if default_token:
self.propagate_to_loaders = False
if wildcard_key:
attr = "%s:%s" % (wildcard_key, attr)
path = path.token(attr)
self.path = path
return path
try:
# use getattr on the class to work around
# synonyms, hybrids, etc.
attr = getattr(path.entity.class_, attr)
except AttributeError:
if raiseerr:
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't find property named '%s' on the "
"mapped entity %s in this Query. " % (
attr, path.entity)
)
else:
return None
else:
attr = attr.property
path = path[attr]
elif _is_mapped_class(attr):
if not attr.common_parent(path.mapper):
if raiseerr:
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"Attribute '%s' does not "
"link from element '%s'" % (attr, path.entity))
else:
return None
else:
prop = attr.property
if not prop.parent.common_parent(path.mapper):
if raiseerr:
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"Attribute '%s' does not "
"link from element '%s'" % (attr, path.entity))
else:
return None
if getattr(attr, '_of_type', None):
ac = attr._of_type
ext_info = of_type_info = inspect(ac)
existing = path.entity_path[prop].get(
self.context, "path_with_polymorphic")
if not ext_info.is_aliased_class:
ac = orm_util.with_polymorphic(
ext_info.mapper.base_mapper,
ext_info.mapper, aliased=True,
_use_mapper_path=True,
_existing_alias=existing)
ext_info = inspect(ac)
elif not ext_info.with_polymorphic_mappers:
ext_info = orm_util.AliasedInsp(
ext_info.entity,
ext_info.mapper.base_mapper,
ext_info.selectable,
ext_info.name,
ext_info.with_polymorphic_mappers or [ext_info.mapper],
ext_info.polymorphic_on,
ext_info._base_alias,
ext_info._use_mapper_path,
ext_info._adapt_on_names,
ext_info.represents_outer_join
)
path.entity_path[prop].set(
self.context, "path_with_polymorphic", ext_info)
# the path here will go into the context dictionary and
# needs to match up to how the class graph is traversed.
# so we can't put an AliasedInsp in the path here, needs
# to be the base mapper.
path = path[prop][ext_info.mapper]
# but, we need to know what the original of_type()
# argument is for cache key purposes. so....store that too.
# it might be better for "path" to really represent,
# "the path", but trying to keep the impact of the cache
# key feature localized for now
self._of_type = of_type_info
else:
path = path[prop]
if path.has_entity:
path = path.entity_path
self.path = path
return path
def __str__(self):
return "Load(strategy=%r)" % (self.strategy, )
def _coerce_strat(self, strategy):
if strategy is not None:
strategy = tuple(sorted(strategy.items()))
return strategy
@_generative
def set_relationship_strategy(
self, attr, strategy, propagate_to_loaders=True):
strategy = self._coerce_strat(strategy)
self.is_class_strategy = False
self.propagate_to_loaders = propagate_to_loaders
# if the path is a wildcard, this will set propagate_to_loaders=False
self._generate_path(self.path, attr, "relationship")
self.strategy = strategy
if strategy is not None:
self._set_path_strategy()
@_generative
def set_column_strategy(self, attrs, strategy, opts=None, opts_only=False):
strategy = self._coerce_strat(strategy)
self.is_class_strategy = False
for attr in attrs:
cloned = self._generate()
cloned.strategy = strategy
cloned._generate_path(self.path, attr, "column")
cloned.propagate_to_loaders = True
if opts:
cloned.local_opts.update(opts)
if opts_only:
cloned.is_opts_only = True
cloned._set_path_strategy()
self.is_class_strategy = False
@_generative
def set_generic_strategy(self, attrs, strategy):
strategy = self._coerce_strat(strategy)
for attr in attrs:
path = self._generate_path(self.path, attr, None)
cloned = self._generate()
cloned.strategy = strategy
cloned.path = path
cloned.propagate_to_loaders = True
cloned._set_path_strategy()
@_generative
def set_class_strategy(self, strategy, opts):
strategy = self._coerce_strat(strategy)
cloned = self._generate()
cloned.is_class_strategy = True
path = cloned._generate_path(self.path, None, None)
cloned.strategy = strategy
cloned.path = path
cloned.propagate_to_loaders = True
cloned._set_path_strategy()
cloned.local_opts.update(opts)
def _set_for_path(self, context, path, replace=True, merge_opts=False):
if merge_opts or not replace:
existing = path.get(self.context, "loader")
if existing:
if merge_opts:
existing.local_opts.update(self.local_opts)
else:
path.set(context, "loader", self)
else:
existing = path.get(self.context, "loader")
path.set(context, "loader", self)
if existing and existing.is_opts_only:
self.local_opts.update(existing.local_opts)
def _set_path_strategy(self):
if not self.is_class_strategy and self.path.has_entity:
effective_path = self.path.parent
else:
effective_path = self.path
self._set_for_path(
self.context, effective_path, replace=True,
merge_opts=self.is_opts_only)
def __getstate__(self):
d = self.__dict__.copy()
d["path"] = self.path.serialize()
return d
def __setstate__(self, state):
self.__dict__.update(state)
self.path = PathRegistry.deserialize(self.path)
def _chop_path(self, to_chop, path):
i = -1
for i, (c_token, p_token) in enumerate(zip(to_chop, path.path)):
if isinstance(c_token, util.string_types):
# TODO: this is approximated from the _UnboundLoad
# version and probably has issues, not fully covered.
if i == 0 and c_token.endswith(':' + _DEFAULT_TOKEN):
return to_chop
elif c_token != 'relationship:%s' % (_WILDCARD_TOKEN,) and \
c_token != p_token.key:
return None
if c_token is p_token:
continue
else:
return None
return to_chop[i + 1:]
class _UnboundLoad(Load):
"""Represent a loader option that isn't tied to a root entity.
The loader option will produce an entity-linked :class:`.Load`
object when it is passed :metfh:`.Query.options`.
This provides compatibility with the traditional system
of freestanding options, e.g. ``joinedload('x.y.z')``.
"""
def __init__(self):
self.path = ()
self._to_bind = []
self.local_opts = {}
_is_chain_link = False
def _generate_cache_key(self, path):
serialized = ()
for val in self._to_bind:
opt = val._bind_loader(
[path.path[0]],
None, None, False)
if opt:
c_key = opt._generate_cache_key(path)
if c_key is False:
return False
elif c_key:
serialized += c_key
if not serialized:
return None
else:
return serialized
def _set_path_strategy(self):
self._to_bind.append(self)
def _generate_path(self, path, attr, wildcard_key):
if wildcard_key and isinstance(attr, util.string_types) and \
attr in (_WILDCARD_TOKEN, _DEFAULT_TOKEN):
if attr == _DEFAULT_TOKEN:
self.propagate_to_loaders = False
attr = "%s:%s" % (wildcard_key, attr)
if path and _is_mapped_class(path[-1]) and not self.is_class_strategy:
path = path[0:-1]
if attr:
path = path + (attr, )
self.path = path
return path
def __getstate__(self):
d = self.__dict__.copy()
d['path'] = self._serialize_path(self.path, filter_aliased_class=True)
return d
def __setstate__(self, state):
ret = []
for key in state['path']:
if isinstance(key, tuple):
if len(key) == 2:
# support legacy
cls, propkey = key
of_type = None
else:
cls, propkey, of_type = key
prop = getattr(cls, propkey)
if of_type:
prop = prop.of_type(of_type)
ret.append(prop)
else:
ret.append(key)
state['path'] = tuple(ret)
self.__dict__ = state
def _process(self, query, raiseerr):
for val in self._to_bind:
val._bind_loader(
[ent.entity_zero for ent in query._mapper_entities],
query._current_path, query._attributes, raiseerr)
@classmethod
def _from_keys(cls, meth, keys, chained, kw):
opt = _UnboundLoad()
def _split_key(key):
if isinstance(key, util.string_types):
# coerce fooload('*') into "default loader strategy"
if key == _WILDCARD_TOKEN:
return (_DEFAULT_TOKEN, )
# coerce fooload(".*") into "wildcard on default entity"
elif key.startswith("." + _WILDCARD_TOKEN):
key = key[1:]
return key.split(".")
else:
return (key,)
all_tokens = [token for key in keys for token in _split_key(key)]
for token in all_tokens[0:-1]:
if chained:
opt = meth(opt, token, **kw)
else:
opt = opt.defaultload(token)
opt._is_chain_link = True
opt = meth(opt, all_tokens[-1], **kw)
opt._is_chain_link = False
return opt
def _chop_path(self, to_chop, path):
i = -1
for i, (c_token, (p_entity, p_prop)) in enumerate(
zip(to_chop, path.pairs())):
if isinstance(c_token, util.string_types):
if i == 0 and c_token.endswith(':' + _DEFAULT_TOKEN):
return to_chop
elif c_token != 'relationship:%s' % (
_WILDCARD_TOKEN,) and c_token != p_prop.key:
return None
elif isinstance(c_token, PropComparator):
if c_token.property is not p_prop or \
(
c_token._parententity is not p_entity and (
not c_token._parententity.is_mapper or
not c_token._parententity.isa(p_entity)
)
):
return None
else:
i += 1
return to_chop[i:]
def _serialize_path(self, path, filter_aliased_class=False):
ret = []
for token in path:
if isinstance(token, QueryableAttribute):
if filter_aliased_class and token._of_type and \
inspect(token._of_type).is_aliased_class:
ret.append(
(token._parentmapper.class_,
token.key, None))
else:
ret.append(
(token._parentmapper.class_, token.key,
token._of_type))
elif isinstance(token, PropComparator):
ret.append((token._parentmapper.class_, token.key, None))
else:
ret.append(token)
return ret
def _bind_loader(self, entities, current_path, context, raiseerr):
"""Convert from an _UnboundLoad() object into a Load() object.
The _UnboundLoad() uses an informal "path" and does not necessarily
refer to a lead entity as it may use string tokens. The Load()
OTOH refers to a complete path. This method reconciles from a
given Query into a Load.
Example::
query = session.query(User).options(
joinedload("orders").joinedload("items"))
The above options will be an _UnboundLoad object along the lines
of (note this is not the exact API of _UnboundLoad)::
_UnboundLoad(
_to_bind=[
_UnboundLoad(["orders"], {"lazy": "joined"}),
_UnboundLoad(["orders", "items"], {"lazy": "joined"}),
]
)
After this method, we get something more like this (again this is
not exact API)::
Load(
User,
(User, User.orders.property))
Load(
User,
(User, User.orders.property, Order, Order.items.property))
"""
start_path = self.path
if self.is_class_strategy and current_path:
start_path += (entities[0], )
# _current_path implies we're in a
# secondary load with an existing path
if current_path:
start_path = self._chop_path(start_path, current_path)
if not start_path:
return None
# look at the first token and try to locate within the Query
# what entity we are referring towards.
token = start_path[0]
if isinstance(token, util.string_types):
entity = self._find_entity_basestring(
entities, token, raiseerr)
elif isinstance(token, PropComparator):
prop = token.property
entity = self._find_entity_prop_comparator(
entities,
prop.key,
token._parententity,
raiseerr)
elif self.is_class_strategy and _is_mapped_class(token):
entity = inspect(token)
if entity not in entities:
entity = None
else:
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"mapper option expects "
"string key or list of attributes")
if not entity:
return
path_element = entity
# transfer our entity-less state into a Load() object
# with a real entity path. Start with the lead entity
# we just located, then go through the rest of our path
# tokens and populate into the Load().
loader = Load(path_element)
if context is not None:
loader.context = context
else:
context = loader.context
loader.strategy = self.strategy
loader.is_opts_only = self.is_opts_only
loader.is_class_strategy = self.is_class_strategy
path = loader.path
if not loader.is_class_strategy:
for token in start_path:
if not loader._generate_path(
loader.path, token, None, raiseerr):
return
loader.local_opts.update(self.local_opts)
if not loader.is_class_strategy and loader.path.has_entity:
effective_path = loader.path.parent
else:
effective_path = loader.path
# prioritize "first class" options over those
# that were "links in the chain", e.g. "x" and "y" in
# someload("x.y.z") versus someload("x") / someload("x.y")
if effective_path.is_token:
for path in effective_path.generate_for_superclasses():
loader._set_for_path(
context, path,
replace=not self._is_chain_link,
merge_opts=self.is_opts_only)
else:
loader._set_for_path(
context, effective_path,
replace=not self._is_chain_link,
merge_opts=self.is_opts_only)
return loader
def _find_entity_prop_comparator(self, entities, token, mapper, raiseerr):
if _is_aliased_class(mapper):
searchfor = mapper
else:
searchfor = _class_to_mapper(mapper)
for ent in entities:
if orm_util._entity_corresponds_to(ent, searchfor):
return ent
else:
if raiseerr:
if not list(entities):
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"Query has only expression-based entities - "
"can't find property named '%s'."
% (token, )
)
else:
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"Can't find property '%s' on any entity "
"specified in this Query. Note the full path "
"from root (%s) to target entity must be specified."
% (token, ",".join(str(x) for
x in entities))
)
else:
return None
def _find_entity_basestring(self, entities, token, raiseerr):
if token.endswith(':' + _WILDCARD_TOKEN):
if len(list(entities)) != 1:
if raiseerr:
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"Wildcard loader can only be used with exactly "
"one entity. Use Load(ent) to specify "
"specific entities.")
elif token.endswith(_DEFAULT_TOKEN):
raiseerr = False
for ent in entities:
# return only the first _MapperEntity when searching
# based on string prop name. Ideally object
# attributes are used to specify more exactly.
return ent
else:
if raiseerr:
raise sa_exc.ArgumentError(
"Query has only expression-based entities - "
"can't find property named '%s'."
% (token, )
)
else:
return None
class loader_option(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def __call__(self, fn):
self.name = name = fn.__name__
self.fn = fn
if hasattr(Load, name):
raise TypeError("Load class already has a %s method." % (name))
setattr(Load, name, fn)
return self
def _add_unbound_fn(self, fn):
self._unbound_fn = fn
fn_doc = self.fn.__doc__
self.fn.__doc__ = """Produce a new :class:`.Load` object with the
:func:`.orm.%(name)s` option applied.
See :func:`.orm.%(name)s` for usage examples.
""" % {"name": self.name}
fn.__doc__ = fn_doc
return self
def _add_unbound_all_fn(self, fn):
self._unbound_all_fn = fn
fn.__doc__ = """Produce a standalone "all" option for :func:`.orm.%(name)s`.
.. deprecated:: 0.9.0
The "_all()" style is replaced by method chaining, e.g.::
session.query(MyClass).options(
%(name)s("someattribute").%(name)s("anotherattribute")
)
""" % {"name": self.name}
return self
@loader_option()
def contains_eager(loadopt, attr, alias=None):
r"""Indicate that the given attribute should be eagerly loaded from
columns stated manually in the query.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
The option is used in conjunction with an explicit join that loads
the desired rows, i.e.::
sess.query(Order).\
join(Order.user).\
options(contains_eager(Order.user))
The above query would join from the ``Order`` entity to its related
``User`` entity, and the returned ``Order`` objects would have the
``Order.user`` attribute pre-populated.
:func:`.contains_eager` also accepts an `alias` argument, which is the
string name of an alias, an :func:`~sqlalchemy.sql.expression.alias`
construct, or an :func:`~sqlalchemy.orm.aliased` construct. Use this when
the eagerly-loaded rows are to come from an aliased table::
user_alias = aliased(User)
sess.query(Order).\
join((user_alias, Order.user)).\
options(contains_eager(Order.user, alias=user_alias))
When using :func:`.contains_eager` in conjunction with inherited
subclasses, the :meth:`.RelationshipProperty.of_type` modifier should
also be used in order to set up the pathing properly::
sess.query(Company).\
outerjoin(Company.employees.of_type(Manager)).\
options(
contains_eager(
Company.employees.of_type(Manager),
alias=Manager)
)
.. seealso::
:ref:`loading_toplevel`
:ref:`contains_eager`
"""
if alias is not None:
if not isinstance(alias, str):
info = inspect(alias)
alias = info.selectable
elif getattr(attr, '_of_type', None):
ot = inspect(attr._of_type)
alias = ot.selectable
cloned = loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(
attr,
{"lazy": "joined"},
propagate_to_loaders=False
)
cloned.local_opts['eager_from_alias'] = alias
return cloned
@contains_eager._add_unbound_fn
def contains_eager(*keys, **kw):
return _UnboundLoad()._from_keys(
_UnboundLoad.contains_eager, keys, True, kw)
@loader_option()
def load_only(loadopt, *attrs):
"""Indicate that for a particular entity, only the given list
of column-based attribute names should be loaded; all others will be
deferred.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
Example - given a class ``User``, load only the ``name`` and ``fullname``
attributes::
session.query(User).options(load_only("name", "fullname"))
Example - given a relationship ``User.addresses -> Address``, specify
subquery loading for the ``User.addresses`` collection, but on each
``Address`` object load only the ``email_address`` attribute::
session.query(User).options(
subqueryload("addresses").load_only("email_address")
)
For a :class:`.Query` that has multiple entities, the lead entity can be
specifically referred to using the :class:`.Load` constructor::
session.query(User, Address).join(User.addresses).options(
Load(User).load_only("name", "fullname"),
Load(Address).load_only("email_addres")
)
.. versionadded:: 0.9.0
"""
cloned = loadopt.set_column_strategy(
attrs,
{"deferred": False, "instrument": True}
)
cloned.set_column_strategy("*",
{"deferred": True, "instrument": True},
{"undefer_pks": True})
return cloned
@load_only._add_unbound_fn
def load_only(*attrs):
return _UnboundLoad().load_only(*attrs)
@loader_option()
def joinedload(loadopt, attr, innerjoin=None):
"""Indicate that the given attribute should be loaded using joined
eager loading.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
examples::
# joined-load the "orders" collection on "User"
query(User).options(joinedload(User.orders))
# joined-load Order.items and then Item.keywords
query(Order).options(
joinedload(Order.items).joinedload(Item.keywords))
# lazily load Order.items, but when Items are loaded,
# joined-load the keywords collection
query(Order).options(
lazyload(Order.items).joinedload(Item.keywords))
:param innerjoin: if ``True``, indicates that the joined eager load should
use an inner join instead of the default of left outer join::
query(Order).options(joinedload(Order.user, innerjoin=True))
In order to chain multiple eager joins together where some may be
OUTER and others INNER, right-nested joins are used to link them::
query(A).options(
joinedload(A.bs, innerjoin=False).
joinedload(B.cs, innerjoin=True)
)
The above query, linking A.bs via "outer" join and B.cs via "inner" join
would render the joins as "a LEFT OUTER JOIN (b JOIN c)". When using
older versions of SQLite (< 3.7.16), this form of JOIN is translated to
use full subqueries as this syntax is otherwise not directly supported.
The ``innerjoin`` flag can also be stated with the term ``"unnested"``.
This indicates that an INNER JOIN should be used, *unless* the join
is linked to a LEFT OUTER JOIN to the left, in which case it
will render as LEFT OUTER JOIN. For example, supposing ``A.bs``
is an outerjoin::
query(A).options(
joinedload(A.bs).
joinedload(B.cs, innerjoin="unnested")
)
The above join will render as "a LEFT OUTER JOIN b LEFT OUTER JOIN c",
rather than as "a LEFT OUTER JOIN (b JOIN c)".
.. note:: The "unnested" flag does **not** affect the JOIN rendered
from a many-to-many association table, e.g. a table configured
as :paramref:`.relationship.secondary`, to the target table; for
correctness of results, these joins are always INNER and are
therefore right-nested if linked to an OUTER join.
.. versionchanged:: 1.0.0 ``innerjoin=True`` now implies
``innerjoin="nested"``, whereas in 0.9 it implied
``innerjoin="unnested"``. In order to achieve the pre-1.0 "unnested"
inner join behavior, use the value ``innerjoin="unnested"``.
See :ref:`migration_3008`.
.. note::
The joins produced by :func:`.orm.joinedload` are **anonymously
aliased**. The criteria by which the join proceeds cannot be
modified, nor can the :class:`.Query` refer to these joins in any way,
including ordering. See :ref:`zen_of_eager_loading` for further
detail.
To produce a specific SQL JOIN which is explicitly available, use
:meth:`.Query.join`. To combine explicit JOINs with eager loading
of collections, use :func:`.orm.contains_eager`; see
:ref:`contains_eager`.
.. seealso::
:ref:`loading_toplevel`
:ref:`joined_eager_loading`
"""
loader = loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(attr, {"lazy": "joined"})
if innerjoin is not None:
loader.local_opts['innerjoin'] = innerjoin
return loader
@joinedload._add_unbound_fn
def joinedload(*keys, **kw):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(
_UnboundLoad.joinedload, keys, False, kw)
@joinedload._add_unbound_all_fn
def joinedload_all(*keys, **kw):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(
_UnboundLoad.joinedload, keys, True, kw)
@loader_option()
def subqueryload(loadopt, attr):
"""Indicate that the given attribute should be loaded using
subquery eager loading.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
examples::
# subquery-load the "orders" collection on "User"
query(User).options(subqueryload(User.orders))
# subquery-load Order.items and then Item.keywords
query(Order).options(
subqueryload(Order.items).subqueryload(Item.keywords))
# lazily load Order.items, but when Items are loaded,
# subquery-load the keywords collection
query(Order).options(
lazyload(Order.items).subqueryload(Item.keywords))
.. seealso::
:ref:`loading_toplevel`
:ref:`subquery_eager_loading`
"""
return loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(attr, {"lazy": "subquery"})
@subqueryload._add_unbound_fn
def subqueryload(*keys):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(_UnboundLoad.subqueryload, keys, False, {})
@subqueryload._add_unbound_all_fn
def subqueryload_all(*keys):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(_UnboundLoad.subqueryload, keys, True, {})
@loader_option()
def selectinload(loadopt, attr):
"""Indicate that the given attribute should be loaded using
SELECT IN eager loading.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
examples::
# selectin-load the "orders" collection on "User"
query(User).options(selectinload(User.orders))
# selectin-load Order.items and then Item.keywords
query(Order).options(
selectinload(Order.items).selectinload(Item.keywords))
# lazily load Order.items, but when Items are loaded,
# selectin-load the keywords collection
query(Order).options(
lazyload(Order.items).selectinload(Item.keywords))
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. seealso::
:ref:`loading_toplevel`
:ref:`selectin_eager_loading`
"""
return loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(attr, {"lazy": "selectin"})
@selectinload._add_unbound_fn
def selectinload(*keys):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(_UnboundLoad.selectinload, keys, False, {})
@selectinload._add_unbound_all_fn
def selectinload_all(*keys):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(_UnboundLoad.selectinload, keys, True, {})
@loader_option()
def lazyload(loadopt, attr):
"""Indicate that the given attribute should be loaded using "lazy"
loading.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
.. seealso::
:ref:`loading_toplevel`
:ref:`lazy_loading`
"""
return loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(attr, {"lazy": "select"})
@lazyload._add_unbound_fn
def lazyload(*keys):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(_UnboundLoad.lazyload, keys, False, {})
@lazyload._add_unbound_all_fn
def lazyload_all(*keys):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(_UnboundLoad.lazyload, keys, True, {})
@loader_option()
def immediateload(loadopt, attr):
"""Indicate that the given attribute should be loaded using
an immediate load with a per-attribute SELECT statement.
The :func:`.immediateload` option is superseded in general
by the :func:`.selectinload` option, which performs the same task
more efficiently by emitting a SELECT for all loaded objects.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
.. seealso::
:ref:`loading_toplevel`
:ref:`selectin_eager_loading`
"""
loader = loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(attr, {"lazy": "immediate"})
return loader
@immediateload._add_unbound_fn
def immediateload(*keys):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(
_UnboundLoad.immediateload, keys, False, {})
@loader_option()
def noload(loadopt, attr):
"""Indicate that the given relationship attribute should remain unloaded.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
:func:`.orm.noload` applies to :func:`.relationship` attributes; for
column-based attributes, see :func:`.orm.defer`.
.. seealso::
:ref:`loading_toplevel`
"""
return loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(attr, {"lazy": "noload"})
@noload._add_unbound_fn
def noload(*keys):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(_UnboundLoad.noload, keys, False, {})
@loader_option()
def raiseload(loadopt, attr, sql_only=False):
"""Indicate that the given relationship attribute should disallow lazy loads.
A relationship attribute configured with :func:`.orm.raiseload` will
raise an :exc:`~sqlalchemy.exc.InvalidRequestError` upon access. The
typical way this is useful is when an application is attempting to ensure
that all relationship attributes that are accessed in a particular context
would have been already loaded via eager loading. Instead of having
to read through SQL logs to ensure lazy loads aren't occurring, this
strategy will cause them to raise immediately.
:param sql_only: if True, raise only if the lazy load would emit SQL,
but not if it is only checking the identity map, or determining that
the related value should just be None due to missing keys. When False,
the strategy will raise for all varieties of lazyload.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
:func:`.orm.raiseload` applies to :func:`.relationship` attributes only.
.. versionadded:: 1.1
.. seealso::
:ref:`loading_toplevel`
:ref:`prevent_lazy_with_raiseload`
"""
return loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(
attr, {"lazy": "raise_on_sql" if sql_only else "raise"})
@raiseload._add_unbound_fn
def raiseload(*keys, **kw):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(_UnboundLoad.raiseload, keys, False, kw)
@loader_option()
def defaultload(loadopt, attr):
"""Indicate an attribute should load using its default loader style.
This method is used to link to other loader options further into
a chain of attributes without altering the loader style of the links
along the chain. For example, to set joined eager loading for an
element of an element::
session.query(MyClass).options(
defaultload(MyClass.someattribute).
joinedload(MyOtherClass.someotherattribute)
)
:func:`.defaultload` is also useful for setting column-level options
on a related class, namely that of :func:`.defer` and :func:`.undefer`::
session.query(MyClass).options(
defaultload(MyClass.someattribute).
defer("some_column").
undefer("some_other_column")
)
.. seealso::
:ref:`relationship_loader_options`
:ref:`deferred_loading_w_multiple`
"""
return loadopt.set_relationship_strategy(
attr,
None
)
@defaultload._add_unbound_fn
def defaultload(*keys):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(_UnboundLoad.defaultload, keys, False, {})
@loader_option()
def defer(loadopt, key):
r"""Indicate that the given column-oriented attribute should be deferred, e.g.
not loaded until accessed.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
e.g.::
from sqlalchemy.orm import defer
session.query(MyClass).options(
defer("attribute_one"),
defer("attribute_two"))
session.query(MyClass).options(
defer(MyClass.attribute_one),
defer(MyClass.attribute_two))
To specify a deferred load of an attribute on a related class,
the path can be specified one token at a time, specifying the loading
style for each link along the chain. To leave the loading style
for a link unchanged, use :func:`.orm.defaultload`::
session.query(MyClass).options(defaultload("someattr").defer("some_column"))
A :class:`.Load` object that is present on a certain path can have
:meth:`.Load.defer` called multiple times, each will operate on the same
parent entity::
session.query(MyClass).options(
defaultload("someattr").
defer("some_column").
defer("some_other_column").
defer("another_column")
)
:param key: Attribute to be deferred.
:param \*addl_attrs: Deprecated; this option supports the old 0.8 style
of specifying a path as a series of attributes, which is now superseded
by the method-chained style.
.. seealso::
:ref:`deferred`
:func:`.orm.undefer`
"""
return loadopt.set_column_strategy(
(key, ),
{"deferred": True, "instrument": True}
)
@defer._add_unbound_fn
def defer(key, *addl_attrs):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(
_UnboundLoad.defer, (key, ) + addl_attrs, False, {})
@loader_option()
def undefer(loadopt, key):
r"""Indicate that the given column-oriented attribute should be undeferred,
e.g. specified within the SELECT statement of the entity as a whole.
The column being undeferred is typically set up on the mapping as a
:func:`.deferred` attribute.
This function is part of the :class:`.Load` interface and supports
both method-chained and standalone operation.
Examples::
# undefer two columns
session.query(MyClass).options(undefer("col1"), undefer("col2"))
# undefer all columns specific to a single class using Load + *
session.query(MyClass, MyOtherClass).options(
Load(MyClass).undefer("*"))
:param key: Attribute to be undeferred.
:param \*addl_attrs: Deprecated; this option supports the old 0.8 style
of specifying a path as a series of attributes, which is now superseded
by the method-chained style.
.. seealso::
:ref:`deferred`
:func:`.orm.defer`
:func:`.orm.undefer_group`
"""
return loadopt.set_column_strategy(
(key, ),
{"deferred": False, "instrument": True}
)
@undefer._add_unbound_fn
def undefer(key, *addl_attrs):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(
_UnboundLoad.undefer, (key, ) + addl_attrs, False, {})
@loader_option()
def undefer_group(loadopt, name):
"""Indicate that columns within the given deferred group name should be
undeferred.
The columns being undeferred are set up on the mapping as
:func:`.deferred` attributes and include a "group" name.
E.g::
session.query(MyClass).options(undefer_group("large_attrs"))
To undefer a group of attributes on a related entity, the path can be
spelled out using relationship loader options, such as
:func:`.orm.defaultload`::
session.query(MyClass).options(
defaultload("someattr").undefer_group("large_attrs"))
.. versionchanged:: 0.9.0 :func:`.orm.undefer_group` is now specific to a
particiular entity load path.
.. seealso::
:ref:`deferred`
:func:`.orm.defer`
:func:`.orm.undefer`
"""
return loadopt.set_column_strategy(
"*",
None,
{"undefer_group_%s" % name: True},
opts_only=True
)
@undefer_group._add_unbound_fn
def undefer_group(name):
return _UnboundLoad().undefer_group(name)
from ..sql import expression as sql_expr
from .util import _orm_full_deannotate
@loader_option()
def with_expression(loadopt, key, expression):
r"""Apply an ad-hoc SQL expression to a "deferred expression" attribute.
This option is used in conjunction with the :func:`.orm.query_expression`
mapper-level construct that indicates an attribute which should be the
target of an ad-hoc SQL expression.
E.g.::
sess.query(SomeClass).options(
with_expression(SomeClass.x_y_expr, SomeClass.x + SomeClass.y)
)
.. versionadded:: 1.2
:param key: Attribute to be undeferred.
:param expr: SQL expression to be applied to the attribute.
.. seealso::
:ref:`mapper_query_expression`
"""
expression = sql_expr._labeled(
_orm_full_deannotate(expression))
return loadopt.set_column_strategy(
(key, ),
{"query_expression": True},
opts={"expression": expression}
)
@with_expression._add_unbound_fn
def with_expression(key, expression):
return _UnboundLoad._from_keys(
_UnboundLoad.with_expression, (key, ),
False, {"expression": expression})
@loader_option()
def selectin_polymorphic(loadopt, classes):
"""Indicate an eager load should take place for all attributes
specific to a subclass.
This uses an additional SELECT with IN against all matched primary
key values, and is the per-query analogue to the ``"selectin"``
setting on the :paramref:`.mapper.polymorphic_load` parameter.
.. versionadded:: 1.2
.. seealso::
:ref:`inheritance_polymorphic_load`
"""
loadopt.set_class_strategy(
{"selectinload_polymorphic": True},
opts={"entities": tuple(sorted((inspect(cls) for cls in classes), key=id))}
)
return loadopt
@selectin_polymorphic._add_unbound_fn
def selectin_polymorphic(base_cls, classes):
ul = _UnboundLoad()
ul.is_class_strategy = True
ul.path = (inspect(base_cls), )
ul.selectin_polymorphic(
classes
)
return ul